Boholo ba liphanele tsa letsatsi tse koahelang marulelo a lefatše, masimo le mahoatata kajeno li na le motsoako o tšoanang: silicon ea kristale.Thepa, e entsoeng ka polysilicon e tala, e bōptjoa hore e be li-wafers 'me e kenyelelitsoe ka liseleng tsa letsatsi, lisebelisoa tse fetolang khanya ea letsatsi motlakase.Haufinyane tjena, ho itšetleha ha indasteri ho theknoloji ena e le 'ngoe e fetohile ntho ea molato.Litšitiso tsa ketane ea phepeloli fokotsehalisebelisoa tse ncha tsa letsatsi lefatšeng ka bophara.Barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba polysilicon sebakeng sa Xinjiang sa China -qosoa ka ho sebelisa mosebetsi o qobelloang ho tsoa ho Uyghurs- ba tobane le likotlo tsa khoebo tsa US.
Ka lehlohonolo, silicon ea kristale ha se eona feela thepa e ka thusang ho sebelisa matla a letsatsi.United States, bo-rasaense le bahlahisi ba sebetsa ho atolosa tlhahiso ea theknoloji ea letsatsi ea cadmium telluride.Cadmium telluride ke mofuta oa sele ea letsatsi ea "filimi e tšesaane", 'me, joalo ka ha lebitso leo le fana ka maikutlo, e mosesane ho feta sele ea silicon ea setso.Kajeno, liphanele tse sebelisang cadmium telluridefana ka karolo ea 40 lekholongea 'maraka oa maemo a holimo oa US, le liperesente tse ka bang 5 tsa' maraka oa lefats'e oa solar.'Me ba tla rua molemo ho tsoa meeang e matla e tobaneng le indasteri e pharaletseng ea letsatsi.
"Ke nako e sa tsitsang haholo, haholo bakeng sa phepelo ea silicon ea kristale ka kakaretso," ho boletse Kelsey Goss, mohlahlobi oa lipatlisiso tsa letsatsi bakeng sa sehlopha sa boeletsi ba matla Wood Mackenzie."Ho na le monyetla o moholo oa hore baetsi ba cadmium telluride ba nke karolo e eketsehileng ea 'maraka selemong se tlang."Haholo-holo, o hlokometse, kaha lekala la cadmium telluride le se le ntse le eketseha.
Ka Phuptjane, moetsi oa letsatsi oa First Solar o itse e tlatsetela liranta tse limilione tse 680fekthering ea letsatsi ea cadmium telluride ea boraro e ka leboea-bophirima ho Ohio.Ha setsi se felile, ka 2025, k'hamphani e tla khona ho etsa liphanele tsa letsatsi tsa 6 gigawatts sebakeng seo.Ho lekane ho matlafatsa malapa a ka bang milione a Amerika.Feme e 'ngoe ea letsatsi e thehiloeng Ohio, Toledo Solar, e sa tsoa kena 'marakeng' me e ntse e etsa liphanele tsa cadmium telluride bakeng sa marulelo a bolulo.Mme ka Phuptjane, Lefapha la Matla a Amerika le Laboratori ea Naha ea Matla a Tsosolositsoeng, kapa NREL,e thehile lenaneo la liranta tse limilione tse 20ho potlakisa lipatlisiso le ho holisa ketane ea phepelo ea cadmium telluride.E 'ngoe ea lipheo tsa lenaneo ke ho thusa ho koala mmaraka oa letsatsi la US ho tsoa likhatellong tsa phepelo ea lefats'e.
Bafuputsi ba NREL le First Solar, bao pele ba neng ba bitsoa Solar Cell Inc., ba sebelitse 'moho ho tloha mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1990 ho hlahisa.theknoloji ea cadmium telluride.Cadmium le telluride ke lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tse qhibilihisang zinki le ho hloekisa koporo, ka ho latellana.Le hoja li-wafers tsa silicon li hokelloa hammoho ho etsa lisele, cadmium le telluride li sebelisoa e le lesela le tšesaane - hoo e ka bang karolo ea leshome ea bophara ba moriri oa motho - ho fenstere ea khalase, hammoho le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tsamaisang motlakase.First Solar, eo hona joale e leng moetsi oa lifilimi tse tšesaane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e fane ka liphanele bakeng sa ho kenya matla a letsatsi linaheng tse 45.
Theknoloji e na le melemo e itseng ho feta silicon ea kristale, ho boletse rasaense oa NREL Lorelle Mansfield.Mohlala, ts'ebetso ea filimi e tšesaane e hloka lisebelisoa tse fokolang ho feta mokhoa o thehiloeng ho wafer.Theknoloji ea filimi e tšesaane e boetse e loketse hantle bakeng sa ho sebelisoa liphanele tse feto-fetohang, tse kang tse koahelang mekotla kapa li-drones kapa tse kopantsoeng ho haha façades le lifensetere.Habohlokoa, liphanele tse tšesaane tsa lifilimi li sebetsa hamolemo mochesong o chesang, ha liphanele tsa silicon li ka chesa haholo 'me tsa se ke tsa sebetsa hantle ho fehla motlakase, o boletse joalo.
Empa silicon ea kristale e na le letsoho le phahameng libakeng tse ling, joalo ka ts'ebetso ea bona e tloaelehileng - e bolelang peresente ea khanya ea letsatsi eo liphanele li monyang le ho li fetola motlakase.Ho tloha khale, liphanele tsa silicon li bile le ts'ebetso e phahameng ho feta tekhenoloji ea cadmium telluride, leha lekhalo le ntse le fokotseha.18 ho isa ho 22 lekholong, athe First Solar e tlalehile ka karolelano katleho ea karolo ea 18 lekholong bakeng sa liphanele tsa eona tse ncha ka ho fetisisa tsa khoebo.
Leha ho le joalo, lebaka le ka sehloohong la hore silicon e laole 'maraka oa lefats'e e batla e le bonolo.Goss o itse: "Tsohle li itšetlehile ka litšenyehelo."Mmaraka oa letsatsi o batla o susumetsoa haholo ke theknoloji e theko e tlaase haholo."
Crystalline silicon e bitsa chelete e ka bang $ 0.24 ho $0.25 ho hlahisa watt e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea matla a letsatsi, e leng ka tlaase ho bahlolisani ba bang, o itse.Solar ea pele e re ha e sa tlaleha litšenyehelo-ka-watt ho hlahisa liphanele tsa eona tsa cadmium telluride, feela hore litšenyehelo "li theohile haholo" ho tloha 2015 - ha khampanilitšenyehelo tse tlalehiloeng tsa $0.46 ka watt- 'me e tsoela pele ho theoha selemo se seng le se seng.Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a theko e tlaase ea silicon.Polysilicon e tala, e sebelisoang hape ka har'a likhomphutha le li-smartphones, e fumaneha haholo ebile e theko e tlase ho feta phepelo ea cadmium le telluride.Ha lifeme tsa liphanele tsa silicon le likarolo tse amanang le tsona li ntse li eketseha, litšenyehelo tse akaretsang tsa ho etsa le ho kenya theknoloji li theohile.Mmuso oa Chaena o boetse o na le haholoe tšehelitsoeng le ho tšehetsoanaha ea silicon solar sector - haholo hoohoo e ka bang karolo ea 80 lekholongea lefats'e la lefats'e la tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa letsatsi hona joale e feta Chaena.
Litšenyehelo tse theohang tsa liphanele li tsamaisitse keketseho ea matla a letsatsi lefatšeng ka bophara.Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, kakaretso ea matla a letsatsi e kentsoeng lefats'eng e eketsehile ka makhetlo a ka bang leshome, ho tloha ho li-megawate tse ka bang 74,000 ka 2011 ho ea ho li-megawatt tse ka bang 714,000 ka 2020.ho latelaSetsi sa Machaba sa Matla a Tsosolositsoeng.United States e nka karolo e le 'ngoe ho tse supileng tsa kakaretso ea lefats'e, 'me letsatsi le teng hona joalengoe ea mehloli e meholohaliea matla a macha a motlakase a kentsoeng US selemo se seng le se seng.
Theko ka watt ka 'ngoe ea cadmium telluride le theknoloji e meng e tšesaane ea lifilimi le eona e lebelletsoe ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso e ntse e hola.(Pele Solar e rehore ha setsi sa eona se secha sa Ohio se buloa, khamphani e tla fana ka litšenyehelo tse tlaase ka ho fetisisa ka watt ka 'maraka oohle oa letsatsi.) Empa litšenyehelo hase eona feela metric ea bohlokoa, kaha litaba tsa morao-rao tsa indasteri ea phepelo le mathata a basebetsi li hlakisa.
Mark Widmar, CEO oa First Solar, o re katoloso e reriloeng ea k'hamphani ea $ 680 milione ke karolo ea boiteko bo boholoanyane ba ho aha phepelo e ikemetseng le ho "fokotsa" indasteri ea letsatsi ea US ho tsoa China.Leha liphanele tsa cadmium telluride li sa sebelise polysilicon efe kapa efe, First Solar e utloile mathata a mang a tobaneng le indasteri, joalo ka tšitiso e bakiloeng ke seoa indastering ea likepe ea likepe.Ka Mmesa, Solar ea Pele e ile ea bolella batseteli hore tšubuhlellano boema-kepeng ba Amerika e ne e ts'oara thepa e tsoang litsing tsa eona tsa Asia.Ho eketsa tlhahiso ea US ho tla lumella k'hamphani hore e sebelise litsela le literene ho romela liphanele tsa eona, eseng likepe tsa thepa, Widmar o itse.'Me lenaneo le seng le le teng la k'hamphani la ho sebelisa lisebelisoa bakeng sa liphanele tsa letsatsi le e lumella ho sebelisa lisebelisoa khafetsa, ho fokotsa ts'epo ea eona ho liketane tsa phepelo ea kantle le lisebelisoa tse tala.
Ha Solar ea Pele e hlahisa liphanele, bo-rasaense ba k'hamphani le NREL ba tsoela pele ho leka le ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea cadmium telluride.Ka 2019, balekaneho hlahisa mokhoa o mochaseo se kenyelletsa "doping" lisebelisoa tse tšesaane tsa filimi ka koporo le chlorine ho fihlela katleho e phahameng le ho feta.Pejana khoeling ena, NRELe phatlalalitse liphethoea tlhahlobo ea tšimo ea lilemo tse 25 setsing sa eona se kantle sa Golden, Colorado.Liphanele tse 12 tsa liphanele tsa cadmium telluride li ne li sebetsa ho liperesente tse 88 tsa ts'ebetso ea eona ea mantlha, e leng sephetho se matla bakeng sa phanele e lutseng kantle ka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli.Ho senyeha "ho tsamaellana le seo litsamaiso tsa silicon li se etsang," ho latela tokollo ea NREL.
Mansfield, rasaense oa NREL, o itse sepheo ha se ho nkela silicon ea kristale sebaka ka cadmium telluride kapa ho theha theknoloji e le 'ngoe e phahametseng e' ngoe."Ke nahana hore ho na le sebaka sa bona kaofela 'marakeng, 'me e mong le e mong o na le likopo tsa hae," a rialo."Re batla hore matla ohle a ee mehloling e ka nchafatsoang, kahoo re hloka mefuta ena eohle e fapaneng ea theknoloji ho sebetsana le phephetso eo."
Nako ea poso: Sep-17-2021